Lesson 1

Rule When you add a suffix that begins with a vowel to a word that ends with silent e, drop the silent e
Words pleasant, resemblance, proposal, practical, ignition, enclosure, financial, rescuing, raising, relative, observant, guidance, rehearsal, global, indication, legislature, racial, arguing, writing, cooperative
Roots
A, AN not without, anarchy
AB, A from, away, apart abnormal
AC, ACR sharp, sour acid
AD, A to, toward advance
ALI, ALTR another alien
AM, AMI love amorous
AMBI, AMPHI both amphibian
AMBL, AMBUL walk ambulance
ANIM mind, spirit, breath animal
ANN, ENN year annual
PLAY SOME GAMES WITH THESE WORDS

Lesson 2

Rule When you add a suffix that begins with a consonant to a word that ends in silent e, keep the final e. Drop the e if the suffiz begins with a vowex
Words festivity, severely, timing, lovely, likely, completely, definitely, intensive, defenseless, pricing, blaming, aging, senseless, confining, endorsement, measurement, amusement, engagement, stating, achieving
Roots
ANTE, ANT before antebellum
ANTHROP human anthropology
ANTI, ANT against, opposite antonyms
AUD hear audio
AUTO self automatic
BELLI, BELL war belligerent
BENE, BEN good benefit
BI two bicycle
BIBLIO books bibliography
BIO life biology

Lesson 3

Rule ate is a verb ending, ion is a noun ending
Words equation, separation, narration, decoration, hibernation, legislation, inflation, irritation, obligation, congregation, evaluation, creation, navigation, coordination, evacuation, generation, manipulation, domination, participation, isolation
Roots
BURS money, purse reimburse
CAS, CAD, CID happen, fall cascade
CAP, CIP head decapitate
CARN flesh carnivore
CAP, CAPT, CEPT, CIP take, seize capture
CED, CESS yield, go concede
CHROM color chromatic
CHRON time chronological
CIDE murder homicide
CIRCUM around circumnavigate

Lesson 4

Rule A prefix is added directly to the beginning of a word to make a different meaning. The base word does not change when adding a prefix
Words restrain, request, explain, exchange, injustice, incorporate, denotation, demerit, proclaim, proportion, dissatisfied, discharge, substandard, subcommittee, prehistoric, prejudge, contribute, congenial, perfume, permission
Roots
CLIN, CLIV slope incline
CLUD, CLUS, CLAUS, CLOIS shut, close include
CO, COM, CON with, together company
COGN, GNO know ignorant
CONTRA against contradict
CORP body corpse
COSMO, COSM world cosmopolitan
CRAC, CRAT rule democracy
CRED trust, believe incredible
CRESC, CRET grow secret

Lesson 5

Rule A root is a word part that cannot stand alone. Changing the prefix changes the meaning. Ject means to throw
Words recession, procession, concession, constitution, substitution, institution, reflection, inflection, perspire, inspire, exhibit, inhibit, prohibit, dejection, rejection, projection, persuade, dissuade, presume, consume
Roots
CULP blame, fault culprit
CURR, CURS run current
DE down, out, apart decrease
DEC ten, tenth decimal
DEMO, DEM people democracy
DI, DIURN day diary
DIA across diagonal
DIC, DICT speak dictate
DIS, DIF,DI not, apart, away disappear
DOC, DOCT teach doctor

Lesson 6

Rule Two words connected form a compound word. When an apostrophe is used to show letters are omitted, it is a contraction
Words background, halfback, network, scoreboard, roommate, videotape, elsewhere, otherwise, whoever, anyone, two-thirds, forty-eight, audio-visual, left-handed, brothers-in-law, they're, who's, haven't, weren't, should've
Roots
DOL pain condolences
DUC, DUCT lead conduct
EGO self egocentric
EN, EM in, into enter
ERR wander error
EU well, good euthanasia
EX, E out exit
FAC, FIC, FECT make, do factory
FAL, FALS deceive false
FERV boil effervescent

Lesson 7

Rule Consonant pairs where one is silent: gn, bt, ps, gh, mn, lm, mb, rh
Words designer, alignment, campaign, gnawed, indebted, doubtful, psalma,psychology, spaghetti, ghetto, solemn, column, condemn, autumn, qualms, calmly, plumbing, numbed, rhythmic, rhymed
Roots
FID faith, trust fidelity
FLU, FLUX flow fluent
FORE before forecast
FRAG, FRAC break fracture
FUS pour profuse
GEN birth, class, kin generation
GRAD, GRESS step graduate
GRAPH, GRAM writing biography
GRAT pleasing grateful
GRAV, GRIEV heavy gravity

Lesson 9

Rule If the letter before the final y is a vowel, do not change the y when you add a suffix. If the letter before the final y is a consonant, change the y to i before you add suffix, except for ING
Words swaying, conveyed, defrayed, dismaying, employed, subways, medleys, attorneys, pulleys, decoys, applied, defying, envying, tallied, modified, celebrities, centuries, penalties, galleries, agencies
Roots
GREG crowd, flock segregate
HABIT, HIBIT have, hold inhabit
HAP by chance happen
HELIO, HELI sun helium
HETERO other heterogeneous
HOL whole holistic
HOMO same homogenized
HOMO man homicide
HYDR water hydrant
HYPER too much, excess hyperactive

Lesson 10

Rule When you add ly to a word ending in al remeber one l belongs to the base word and one l belongs to the suffix. Don't drop either
Words locality, finally, legally, equality, fatality, actually, really, totally, mentally, morally, nationally, punctuality, generally, personality, individually, originality, practically, formality, technicality, sentimentality
Roots
HYPO too little hypothermia
IN, IL,IG, IM, IR not inept, illegal
IN, IL, IM, IR in, into innate
INTER between, among international
INTRA, INTR within intramurals
IT, ITER between, among itinerant
JECT, JET throw eject
JOUR day journal
JUD judge judicial
JUNCT, JUG join junction

Lesson 11

Rule The suffixes -able and -ance are more commonly added to complete words. -able makes adjectives, -ance makes nouns. _ible,-ence,-ent are more commonly added to roots. -ible makes adjectives, -ence makes nouns
Words dependable, acceptable, approachable, obtainable, detectable, clearance, resemblance, ignorance, compliance, alliance, compatible, susceptible, permissible, impossible, incredible, experience, ingredient, prominent, permanent, adjacent
Roots
JUR swear, law jury
LAT side latitude
LAV, LAU, LU wash lavatory
LEG, LEC, LEX read, speak lecture
LEV light levitate
LIBER free liberate
LIG, LECT choose, gather elect
LIG, LI, LY bind ligament
LANG, LING tongue language
LITER letter literature

Lesson 12

Rule Prefixes that have meanings of prepositions
Words intermission, interview, interstate, interpreter, interception, interrupt, international, perennial, percolate, perforated, perpetual, perseverance, abdicate, absence, destruction, deprived, depleted, paramedic, parallel, paraphrase
Roots
LITH stone monolith
LOQU, LOC, LOG speech, thought eloquent
LUC, LUM light illuminate
LUD, LUS play prelude
MACRO great macrocosm
MAG, MAJ, MAS, MAX great maximum
MAL bad malnutrition
MAN hand manual
MAR sea submarine
MATER, MATR mother maternal

Lesson 13

Rule:

When the last letter of the PREFIX changes to match the first letter of the ROOT, the prefix is ASSIMILATED

Words:

decelerate, accelerate, relocate, allocate, progression, aggression, derive, arrive, resume, assume, excuse, accuse, intention, attention, pronounce, announce, resent, assent, comprehend, apprehend

Roots:

MEDI middle medium
MEGA great megaphone
MEM, MEN remember memory
METER, METR measure thermometer
MICRO small microscope
MIS wrong, bad, hate misunderstand
MIT, MISS send transmit
MOLL soft mollusk
MON, MONIT warn monitor
MONO one monologue

Lesson 14

Rule:

C and G have a hard sound when followed by a,o,u or any consonant but y
C and G have a soft sound when followed by e,i, or y

Words:

citizen, concerned, license, calendar, custom, cereal, certain, circumstances, recycle, reluctant, courage, urgency, magician, category, guarantee, guard, digestion, fragile, gymnasium, gargle

Roots:

MOR custom, manner moral
MOR, MORT dead mortal
MORPH shape metamorphosis
MOV, MOT, MOB move mobility
MUT change mutate
NAT, NASC born native
NAU, NAV ship, sailor nautical
NEG not, deny negative
NEO new neonatal
NIHIL none, nothing annihilate

Lesson 15

Rule:

AR often follows the letter L
OR and ORY frequently follow T and usually refer to a person

Words:

popular, regular, solar, familiar, similar, editor, author, superior, major, minor,ordinary, library, temporary, secretary, voluntary, imaginary, necessary, history, victory, memory

Roots:

NOM,NYM name synonym, antonym
NOX,NIC,NEC,NOC harm obnoxious
NOV new novelty
NUMER number numeral
OB against obstruct
OMNI all omnivorous
ONER burden exonerate
OPER work operate, cooperate
PAC peace pacify
PALP feel palpitation

Lesson 17

Rule:

1 syl +1 vowel +1 consonant (fit)
1 vowel in final Accented syllable (ad mit)
--double final consonant if suffix begins with a vowel
--don't double final consonant if suffix begins with consonant

Words:

fitting, thinnest, madly, throbbed, summary, zipper, quitting, admittance, remitted, permitted, omitting, submitting, occurrence, recurred, concurred, regrettable, acquittal, equipment, annulled, commitment

Roots:

PAN all panorama
PATER, PATR father, patriot
PATH, PASS feel sympathy
PEC money, speculate
PED, POD foot, pedestrian
PEL, PULS drive compulsive
PEN almost peninsula
PEND, PENS hang pendant
PER through, by, for percent
PER against, destruction perforate

Lesson 18

Rule:

If the accent shifts in a VAC word, do NOT double the final consonant

Words:

expelled, repellent, propeller, compelling, dispelled, reference, inferred, preference, conferring, transferred, profiting, benefited, credited, editor, limiting, modeled, labeled, traveler, canceling, quarreling

Roots:

PERI around perimeter
PET seek, go towards petition
PHIL love philanthropy
PHOB fear claustrophobia
PHON sound phonics
PLAC calm, please placate
PON, POS put, place position
PORT carry portable
POT drink potion
POT power potential

Wordfind

Lesson 19

Rule:

Soft c ang g endings-ence, ent, ible, ious
Hard c ang endings0ance, ant, able, uous
Sometimes the silent e remains before adding a suffix to keep the c or g soft

Words:

elegant, extravagance, navigable, ambiguous, applicant, significance, communicable, conspicuous, intelligent, negligence, eligible, contagious, magnificent, innocence, convincible, suspicious, outrageous, vengeance, enforceable, replaceable

Roots:

PRE before prefix
PRIM first primary
PRO ahead, forth proceed
PROTO first protagonist
PROX,PROP near approximate
PSEUDO false pseudonym
PYR fire pyromaniac
QUAD, QUAT, QUAR four quadrilateral
QUES, QUER question quest
QUIE quiet acquiesce

Lesson 20

Rule:

con and in change to m when followed by m, p, b

Words:

congressional, conservative, connotation, commentator, commute, commercial, competition, computer, compromise, combustion, intuition, insulation, innocent, immunity, immortality, immediately, impatient, impostor, impeached, imbedded

Roots:

QUINT, QUIN five quintuplets
RADI, RAMI branches radius
RECT, REG straight, rule rectangle
REG king, rule regal
RETRO backward retroactive
RID, RIS laugh ridiculous
ROG ask interrogate
RUD rough, crude rude
RUPT break interrupt
SACR, SANCT holy sacred

Lesson 21

Rule:

When a prefix is added to a root beginning with f, the last letter of the prefix changes to f

When com or in is added to a base word beginning with r or l, the n or m changes to r or l

Words:
afford, affliction, affirmative, affection, difficult, suffered, suffocate, sufficient, official, offered, correspondent, corrupt, irresponsible, irrigation, irresistible, collision, illuminate, illegible, illiterate

Roots:

SCRIB, SCRIPT, SCRIV write inscribe
SE apart, away segregate
SEC, SECT cut dissect
SED, SID sit residence
SEM seed, sow disseminate
SEN old senior
SENT, SENS feel, think sentiment
SEQU, SECU follow sequence
SIM, SEM similar, same resemblance
SIGN mark, sign signal

Lesson 22

Rule: Qu is pronounced /kw/ at the beginning or middle of a word. It is pronounced /k/ in the middle or at the end.

Words: unique, clique, plaque, masquerade, conquer, lacquer, acquire, acquainted, adequately, colloquial, inquisitive, banquet, sequel, quizzical, quiver, questionnaire, quarantine, quench, quaint, quintuplet

Roots:

SIN curve insinuate

SOL sun solar

SOL alone solar

SOMN sleep insomnia

SON sound sonar

SOPH wisdom sophomore

SPEC see, look spectator

SPER hope prosper

SPERS, SPAR scatter disperse

SPIR breathe respiration

Lesson 23

Rule

Ph and gh are pronounced /f/. If it is spelled ph, it comes from Greek, if it is spelled gh is comes from Old English

Words

enough, roughly, toughness, laughter, coughed, pamphlet, symphonic, triumphantly, alphabetical, catastrophe, phase, phantom, pharmacy, physician, philosophy, atmosphere, hemisphere, decipher, amphibian, emphasize

Roots

STRICT, STRING bind constrict
STRUCT, STRU build, construct
SUB under submarine
SUMM highest summit
SUPER, SUR above supervise
SURGE, SURRECT rise resurrection
SYN, SYM together sympathy
TACIT, TIC silent reticent
TACT, TAG, TANG touch tangible
TEN, TIN, TAIN hold, twist detention

Lesson 25

Rule:

Greek combining forms can be used in any part of a word.

Words:

grammar, phonics, graphic, nautical, meter, telegram, telephone, phonograph, astronaut, geometry, opticlal, thermos, static, typical, agony, optometry, thermometer, thermostat, stereotype, protagonist

Roots:

TEND, TENS, TENT: stretch distend
TERM: end terminal
TERR: earth, land terrain
TEST: witness testify
THE: god theology
THERM: heat thermal
TIM: fear timid
TOP: place topic
TORT: twist distort
TORP: stiff, numb torpedo

Lesson 26

Rule:

in becomes im and syn becomes sym before m,b,p; in becomes il and syn becomes syl before l

Words:

synthesis, synopsis, synchronize, symmetrical, symptom,sympathy, symbol, syllable, thesis, hypothesis, parenthesis, anonymous,
antonym,pseudonym,chronic, chronicle, chronology, pathology, apathy, telepathy

Roots:

TOX poison toxic
TRACT draw tractor
TRANS across, over transport
TREM, TREP shake tremble
TURB shake disturb
UMBR shadow umbrella
UNI, UN one unify
URB city urban
VAC: empty, vacant
VAL, VAIL: value, strength valid

Lesson 27

Rule:

Greek and Latin plurals can be spelled two ways

Words:

crises, bases, oases, diagnoses, analyses, stimuli, alumni, radii, curricula, criteria, indexes, appendixes, octopuses, aquariums, stadiums, vacuums, memorandums, data, media, agendas

Roots:

VEN, VENT come convention
VER true verify
VERB word verbal
VERT, VERS turn reverse
VICT, VINC conquer victory
VID, VIS see vision
VIL base, mean vile
VIV, VIT life vivid
VOC, VOK, VOW word vocal
VOL wish voluntary
VOLV, VOLUT turn,roll revolve
VOR eat carnivore